La animación como medio humanista
El estudio de la filosofía y el cuestionamiento humano, al menos en el ámbito europeo, viene de la mano de importantes autores como Sócrates, Platón, Aristóteles, Heráclito… y más adelante, Francisco de Asís, Descartes, Hegel, Nietzsche, etc. Figuras que se muestran lejanas al tiempo en el que se vive, y que se antojan anticuadas y complejas para la era moderna.
Kimitachi wa dou ikiru ka, la novela primeramente concebida por Yuzō Yamamoto como una publicación final de la serie Nihon Shoukokumin Bunko, y más adelante completada y transformada en novela por el autor Genzaburō Yoshino en 1937, es una obra de carácter filosófico dirigido a un público primeramente infantil. Más adelante, esta obra sería reescrita, reformada e incluso censurada durante la posguerra en el país nipón, en la época de control estadounidense. Sin embargo, aún queda entre sus primeros lectores un aire de intriga nostálgica por reencontrarse con una historia que rompía fronteras en el razonamiento infantil.
Miyazaki, nacido en 1942, no vivió directamente estas repercusiones, pero los encontramos muy presentes en el director y en el sentimiento colectivo de posguerra japonés. Y precisamente, Kimitachi wa dou ikiru ka (2023) es una puerta a tiempos diferentes. Tiempos filosóficos que cuestionaban un pensamiento ajeno a una larga y muy marcada realidad de hambruna, humillación y pobreza. Invitando a replantearse discusiones que quedaron atrás pero que se deben retomar.
Así pues, el filme en sí mismo es una llamada a nuevas creaciones. A tornar la mirada hacia otras perspectivas, hacia otros mundos, otras realidades y otras preguntas que pueden reformularse. En sí mismo, este planteamiento exige del espectador ver más allá de lo que Miyazaki pueda estar alentando a entender. Debido, en gran parte, a que el universo de la película es tan maleable e intrincado como un laberinto lleno de caminos desconocidos. Y el director nos abre esta “caja de Pandora”, creando una historia que sigue los patrones típicos de su filmografía. Como, por ejemplo, desarrollar sus tramas en un mundo regido por normas y elementos que metaforizan un constante estado bélico y en disputa en el interior del propio ser humano.
Miyazaki no solo trabaja en esa fórmula, sino que compone toda la trama en el concepto mismo de sus películas. El mundo en el que sucede todo el filme, está puesto en valor, en cuestionamiento y en constante cambio. Y para ello, el director traza físicamente las ideas coperniquianas, desde la perspectiva misma de la animación. La composición de sus planos en constante movimiento esférico y sus personajes representativos del tiempo, la naturaleza y el viaje, facilitan aún más el relato físico, matemático y artístico que componen todas las escenas.
Esta base sobre el heliocentrismo coperniquiano es solo el comienzo de una aventura hacia el principio y el fin del propio director. Pues Miyazaki utiliza su película como metáfora de su propio final como creador cinematográfico. Sirviéndose de lo que más le representa: el carácter humanista de la historia. Dejando así, un final cerrado aunque ambiguo para la interpretación sobre la inevitable pregunta de: «¿y ahora, continuarás Miyazaki?». Una duda que deja, en principio, sin resolver salvo por un pequeño comentario: “No seré una figura que imitar y que suceder. Dejaré este mundo creativo en libertad, hambriento de nuevas miradas esperando a ser contadas.”
El carácter que rodea toda la obra, es un reflejo mismo de la propia naturaleza de Miyazaki. Y es en esa visión tan personal, de un mundo asfixiante y carente de felicidad donde encontramos esa frustración interna con el propósito de encontrar una vía hacia lo positivo. Una crítica formulada desde el creador del mundo de El chico y la garza (2023) y su protagonista, que genera ese debate moral y emocional sobre el tiempo y el cambio.
Hay en esto, también, una historia de duelo infantil, que se ve plasmado en el estilo de animación, que apuesta por escenas donde se arrastran y ralentizan los trazos, dejando un rastro por la pantalla, como una expresión de la propia experiencia traumática del recuerdo de aquello que mantiene en desasosiego al protagonista. Una fotografía del sentimiento de la pérdida y del difícil proceso de sanación.
Es, sin duda alguna, una película que entra en contacto directamente con el pensamiento del espectador, y le empuja a navegar por el pensamiento humanista de todo lo que lo rodeo como individuo. Incita a todos a debatir como sociedad y como seres humanos. Como una primera llama iluminando el camino hacia algo más bello y real, que la cotidianidad de la propia existencia de uno mismo.
Calificación Animatic
Uauuu!, que análisis!, nunca hubiera podido imaginar todo lo que transmitía una película de animación: genio Miyasaki y gracias Lucía por acercarme a él…👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
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